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station

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on two this is houston are you ready for

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houston this is the international space

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station we are ready for the event

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university of waterloo this is mission

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control in houston texas please call the

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station this is fair them handle offer

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at the university of waterloo here with

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how do you hear me

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dr hamdulillah opera i read you loud and

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clear welcome on board the international

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loud and clear i'm here with students we

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are delighted to welcome you to the

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i can see them from here we're delighted

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to welcome you to the university we have

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a group of students who are anxious to

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ask you questions so we'll just get on

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with it

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hi chris my name is rashmi venkatesh my

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question is has the sensation of leaving

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earth's protective field changed since

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your first trip into space and can you

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describe your feelings apprehension

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wonder or fear as you left earth's

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rashmi uh i've been so fortunate to have

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flown in space not just once

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but three times and on different

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spaceships and this time to be able to

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stay for months and months

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i would say my apprehension was low

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i was more concerned about not going to

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space than it was about going to space

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because there are there are so many

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complexities in in trying to safely

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leave earth i was also

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sort of the pilot of the soyuz spaceship

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and so a lot of eagerness to put all of

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that training into practice to do all

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the things that so many people have

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prepared me to do so it was with a great

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sense of of buoyant energy and readiness

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that i that i left earth's protective

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sheath which which is just outside that

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window and launched up here to the space

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station a couple months ago and

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i visited space twice before but this

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time to live here the richness of it

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the um the ability and the time

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to absorb it and wonder about it and

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internalize it and think of it is is

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magnificent and

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so this

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this is the difference between

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landing somewhere in an airport and

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taking off and getting off the plane and

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hi chris my name is

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my name is andrew robertson i'm

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fortunate to be involved in the

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university of waterloo research

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that is examining the deconditioning

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effects of space flight that are similar

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to accelerated aging

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my question is can you tell us about

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some of the exercise and other

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countermeasures

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used

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throughout your mission which help to

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minimize these changes and prepare your

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thanks andrew there are of course as you

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well know in your studies a lot of

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changes

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uh

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everything some very obvious the the

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fluid shift my my extremely uh skinny

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calves that i have right now because of

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uh there's no gravity pushing the the

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fluids into my legs

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some of them are very subtle

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my eyes

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sting a little more up here because they

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don't drain ever so you kind of have

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more

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often you can still cry in space but

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they just the tears don't fall

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and so they're subtle things as well

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but the biggest ones the ones we have to

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worry the most about are preparing

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ourselves for coming home and preparing

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ourselves to be strong enough if we have

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to go outside and fix something

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and as you mentioned we use

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countermeasures

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the two big ones we have are

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cardiovascular

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and we have both a treadmill and an

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exercise bicycle

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and

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is resistive exercise

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and of course

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you can do 10 000 push-ups up here

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because there's no up

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but we have a device a resistive

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exercise device where you're pushing

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actually against

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big cylinders that if the air pulled out

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of them like a vacuum so you get a nice

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linear push against them and it's a lot

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like lifting weights and every single

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day we spend two hours on those pieces

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of equipment the rest of it we just

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float around and you can be as lazy i

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mean i

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i don't even have to hold up my head up

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here but uh for two hours a day we work

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then get myself back down and oh i'm

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falling all over

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i'm right up close for two hours a day

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we work hard to keep our bodies in uh

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in shape to keep our muscles strong so

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that if we have to go outside on a walk

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we can operate the space suit and when

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we land back on earth again we'll be

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able to walk and our bones will be

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hi chris my name is amber nicholson my

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question is with your unique vantage

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point in space are you able to see any

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evidence of environmental degradation on

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hi amber we sure are

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some very visual examples like

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the arrow sea

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which because of irrigation changes uh

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an entire inland sea is basically dried

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up to nothing and from the first

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astronauts who flew and took pictures of

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it to us taking pictures of it now

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the the dis difference is striking all

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the major cities of the world the really

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big ones

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normally are gray smears

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the big city mexico city la

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the cities in china

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just because of the smog and pollution

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they create and you hardly could even

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see them and

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they they have trouble looking up at the

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sky as a result so you see that and we

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also see the glaciers and we've been

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taking a lot of pictures in patagonia of

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uh of the glaciers as they exist right

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now and uh and compare them to historic

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photographs so it's

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and when there's a volcanic eruption and

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we look at the horizon you can see the

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particulate in the upper atmosphere so

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it's a wonderful vantage point for

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long-term monitoring of the earth's

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atmosphere and the health of the planet

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hi chris my name is sakshi jin my

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question is in march you'll take on the

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responsibility is commanding the

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international space station how are you

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preparing for this role and how will you

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handle the stress that comes with the

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uh sakshi stress is is kind of a

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human emotion

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it doesn't really come with a position

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it's internal

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and in the way i try i try and avoid

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stress

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and the way i avoid it is to try and

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never be in a position where i don't

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know what i'm doing or where i'm asked

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to do something i'm not qualified for

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so in truth i started training to

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command the space station when i was 14

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i was in the air cadets and i went to a

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junior leaders course and they taught me

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the basic precepts of leadership at 14

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years old as a as a young canadian

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and since that i've watched leaders and

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you can learn something from every

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leader from you can learn a lot from the

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bad ones and a lot from the good ones

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and i've also through the military and

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then in my 20 years as an astronaut been

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given increasing opportunities to manage

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and to lead people

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and

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preparing for that for about four or

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five years

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working with the people on the ground

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and on the crew preparing myself

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thinking through everything that might

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happen so that when the time comes not

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only am i not stressed about it but i'm

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eagerly looking forward to it this is

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something i've really worked hard to be

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prepared for

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an unprecedented opportunity personally

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and professionally and and nationally

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and i'm just uh really pleased that i'm

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in a position and really happy to to

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have the chance to pick up the reins

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hi chris my name is robert henderson and

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my question is what is the most

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difficult experiment being conducted on

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the iss during your mission and what

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we have we're running i think you know

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robert about 130 experiments on board um

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difficulty is probably the ones that you

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know that affect us personally some of

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the complex ones are running on their

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own um

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i set up and ran robonaut today and the

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alpha magnetic spectrometer is running

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but one from the university of waterloo

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there's a canadian experiment running

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down here in the corner that i'm taking

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care of one from the university of

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waterloo has some complexity to it i

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think dr houston was talking to you

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about it but we take these leg cuffs and

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i'm going to float the microphone

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we take these leg cuffs and uh have to

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put them on our

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on our upper cat upper thighs here and

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get it all just right and attached and

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then pump them up and then uh when

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everything's just right we have all the

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medical data attached to our body then

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release them and it's it's almost the

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same as coming from weightlessness and

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suddenly putting gravity back so that

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the blood that was trapped now suddenly

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can flush down into the legs and it

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takes a lot of setup of course to get

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all of the biomedical sensing equipment

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attached to our body and then get all

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the the all the parameters i mean dr

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houston and his team have been working

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on it for years to get to the moment

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where i can get all this equipment set

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up running properly in the right

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position and then have my body go

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through this sudden change so that then

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we can study how the body regulates

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blood pressure how it regulates the

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blood flow and use that of course for

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astronaut health but also for the health

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of everybody at earth who has blood

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pressure regulation problems so one like

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this with a lot of equipment they have a

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lot of complexity but also they have a

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uh hi chris

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hi chris

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question is how does internet work on

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uh it works really slowly alex

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if at all um

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we don't really have internet uh or just

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barely have internet on the space

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station but we have multiple links to

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the ground some direct just like a vhf

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radio

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data rate uh communications through

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different bands of the spectrum not just

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vhf very high frequency or uhf but we

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also have s band and ku band

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complex answer but when we have ku bands

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it's a high enough data rate that we can

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bounce our signal off a geostationary

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satellite down to earth through all the

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ground relay sites down to mission

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control in houston and then they take

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that signal and they hook it up to a

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computer that's sitting there like a

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mirror computer site down in mission

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control so that when i tap on my

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keyboard up here it goes through that

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long long trail all the way down to that

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ghost computer on the ground and that

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way i can access the internet and that's

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how i can send messages on twitter and

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and do very slow functions it's slow

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slower than dial up so i can't watch

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videos or anything but it's good enough

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for just verbal and twitter kind of data

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communication and it's been a wonderful

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boon for for me to be able to help

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communicate this experience to the

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hi chris my name is michael goldring my

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question is did the transition from test

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piloting fighter jets make space flight

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yeah astronauts come from a lot of

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different backgrounds

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i was a engineer i of course i was an

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engineer at the university of waterloo

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i was a fighter pilot and then i went to

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test pilot school and i worked as a test

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pilot for several years

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and

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an aerospace vehicle just like the

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aerospace program that's at the

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university of waterloo

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trying to understand you know if you

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make the engine twice as big or the

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wings twice as long or or whatever what

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happens how's the vehicle work how do

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you build a control system

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uh with all the appropriate filtering so

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the vehicle will have the right handling

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qualities all of that has been directly

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applicable to flying the shuttle and to

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flying the soyuz and then the complexity

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of a big

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spaceship like this one it's really just

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a super expanded version of some of the

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airplanes i flew as a test pilot so i

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think for anyone who wants to fly in

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space

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flying is a big part of that

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there's all the technical side of it but

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i think it was a very good grounding if

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you can use that word for

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hi chris my name is priyanka patel my

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question is what feature on earth's

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surface that's natural or man-made are

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the

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highest clouds that are that exist that

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you can see visually can barely ever see

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them from the ground but um if you get

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just the right angle between the sun and

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the earth and they happen to be there uh

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you can see them and i thought you were

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i was gonna have to be some sort of

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scientist or or super photographer to be

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ever able to take a good picture of a

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noctilucent cloud

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some people think they're a good

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indication of climate change as we can

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track the changes of these noctilucent

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clouds but about a month ago one night

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just coming up in australia they were as

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clear as a bell and i grabbed a camera

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and used what training i had and got

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some i was shocked they were just so

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crystal clear these these ethereal

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clouds that normally are completely

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invisible but that are a vital part of

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our earth's upper atmosphere and i

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managed to to be able to see them with

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my own eyes and get clear pictures of

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them and those pictures may well be one

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of the most enduring legacies of our

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time up here is the science that comes

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along with that surprising thing i saw

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hi chris my name is nancy zoomteens my

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question is do you have any advice

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besides advanced education for those

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aspiring to become canada's future

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hi nancy uh yes uh in fact you should

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ask jeremy after because jeremy asked me

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that same question about 14 years ago or

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13 years ago

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number one is you need a healthy body

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because we we don't want to take a big

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risk on health up here so not only

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hopefully you're born with a body that's

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healthy enough but also you need to take

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care of it so you don't have to go crazy

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but exercise enough to stay in shape and

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don't eat bad things and and keep your

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body in shape number two is an advanced

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education and not so much for the

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education i mean

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a technical education is important but

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to proven ability to learn complex

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things and of course you're doing that

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at the university of waterloo tremendous

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school

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then the third thing is an ability to

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make good decisions when consequences

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matter

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and uh where you the the result of your

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decisions either is life or death or big

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financial consequences or something like

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that and when when canada and all the

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other countries are choosing astronauts

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that's what they're looking for very

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healthy people have proven they can

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learn complex things at a high level but

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who can also make good decisions when

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they have to and

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and and then that just gets it down to

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500 people or so and then they're

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looking for all the other things what

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else have you done interesting in your

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life other languages that you speak um

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what what else do you bring to the table

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can you can you play guitar can you uh

400
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are you going to be an interesting

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00:16:33,430 --> 00:16:31,440
person to go to mars with or not

402
00:16:35,030 --> 00:16:33,440
so uh but but you guys are on the right

403
00:16:37,670 --> 00:16:35,040
track at the university of waterloo

404
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that's a premier school in canada and

405
00:16:40,470 --> 00:16:38,639
the things that you're doing and

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00:16:43,030 --> 00:16:40,480
learning there are sitting on the right

407
00:16:48,470 --> 00:16:43,040
track not only to fly in space but

408
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hi chris my name is james allen and my

409
00:16:54,629 --> 00:16:53,440
question is in your opinion what is the

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greatest contribution that the

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international space station provides to

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the world and is asteroid watch a part

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we'll be we'll be watching for the

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00:17:08,309 --> 00:17:06,799
asteroid a little later today

415
00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:08,319
we weren't in a position to see that

416
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meteorite do all that damage in russia

417
00:17:13,750 --> 00:17:12,480
um

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00:17:15,429 --> 00:17:13,760
it's going to be very hard to see the

419
00:17:17,270 --> 00:17:15,439
asteroid they did the math and it's

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00:17:18,789 --> 00:17:17,280
going to be less than a pixel for us to

421
00:17:20,309 --> 00:17:18,799
take a picture so we may with a time

422
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lapse see it go by

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but

424
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uh for the space station itself

425
00:17:27,909 --> 00:17:26,319
uh of course with all the experiments

426
00:17:29,909 --> 00:17:27,919
going on it's very hard to predict what

427
00:17:32,150 --> 00:17:29,919
an experiment will have a breakthrough

428
00:17:33,830 --> 00:17:32,160
but i'm hoping that over its 20 or 30

429
00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:33,840
year life of the station from way back

430
00:17:37,270 --> 00:17:36,080
in 78 or i'm sorry in 98 when it was

431
00:17:38,630 --> 00:17:37,280
first launched

432
00:17:40,310 --> 00:17:38,640
um

433
00:17:41,750 --> 00:17:40,320
i'm hoping that there is some science

434
00:17:43,190 --> 00:17:41,760
that happens on here that is truly

435
00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:43,200
breakthrough we sure are setting

436
00:17:47,110 --> 00:17:45,280
ourselves up for it uh mounted to the

437
00:17:49,590 --> 00:17:47,120
top is the alpha magnetic spectrometer

438
00:17:51,350 --> 00:17:49,600
which is collecting uh matter in any

439
00:17:53,029 --> 00:17:51,360
matter and high energy particles from

440
00:17:54,630 --> 00:17:53,039
the universe trying to understand the

441
00:17:57,190 --> 00:17:54,640
fundament of what the universe is made

442
00:17:59,350 --> 00:17:57,200
of i'm studying the human physiology

443
00:18:00,870 --> 00:17:59,360
that you can't study on earth when you

444
00:18:03,190 --> 00:18:00,880
take away gravity

445
00:18:05,590 --> 00:18:03,200
but one of the main legacies may be

446
00:18:07,510 --> 00:18:05,600
that when when one of you goes to mars

447
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:07,520
you will be on a spaceship

448
00:18:12,150 --> 00:18:09,919
that has functioning pumps is made of

449
00:18:13,750 --> 00:18:12,160
the right material has a closed

450
00:18:15,830 --> 00:18:13,760
environmental system

451
00:18:17,990 --> 00:18:15,840
recycling water and air

452
00:18:19,909 --> 00:18:18,000
has all the systems that work the hull

453
00:18:21,510 --> 00:18:19,919
is made of the right metal all of those

454
00:18:23,190 --> 00:18:21,520
things because of what we learned here

455
00:18:24,070 --> 00:18:23,200
on the space station when the first

456
00:18:25,990 --> 00:18:24,080
people

457
00:18:28,310 --> 00:18:26,000
sailed out of sight of land

458
00:18:30,710 --> 00:18:28,320
it wasn't their first trip they had

459
00:18:32,549 --> 00:18:30,720
sailed and learned how to build space

460
00:18:34,390 --> 00:18:32,559
sailing ships how to what oak come you

461
00:18:35,909 --> 00:18:34,400
needed how the sail should be built how

462
00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:35,919
do you keep people healthy in a long

463
00:18:40,470 --> 00:18:38,160
sailing voyage before they ever started

464
00:18:42,710 --> 00:18:40,480
leaving sight of land and they owed

465
00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:42,720
their legacy to the early sailing ships

466
00:18:45,909 --> 00:18:44,400
and for those of you that leave earth to

467
00:18:47,990 --> 00:18:45,919
go somewhere else you're going to owe

468
00:18:49,669 --> 00:18:48,000
your legacy to both the science and the

469
00:18:55,110 --> 00:18:49,679
engineering that is the international

470
00:18:59,430 --> 00:18:57,590
hello chris ian mckenzie i'd like to

471
00:19:02,150 --> 00:18:59,440
thank you on behalf of the university of

472
00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:02,160
waterloo and particularly the students

473
00:19:06,310 --> 00:19:04,320
who participated in this event today and

474
00:19:21,669 --> 00:19:06,320
we look forward to seeing you at the

475
00:19:25,750 --> 00:19:23,669
dr mckenzie thank you very much thanks

476
00:19:27,029 --> 00:19:25,760
everybody for the great questions i'm

477
00:19:29,190 --> 00:19:27,039
sorry if i didn't get to everyone's

478
00:19:31,190 --> 00:19:29,200
questions but jeremy's there and he will

479
00:19:34,630 --> 00:19:31,200
be able to answer waterloo is a great

480
00:19:36,710 --> 00:19:34,640
school um my wife worked in in waterloo

481
00:19:39,590 --> 00:19:36,720
i studied at the university my son was

482
00:19:41,510 --> 00:19:39,600
born there it's a great part of canada

483
00:19:43,909 --> 00:19:41,520
and i very much look forward to coming

484
00:19:45,669 --> 00:19:43,919
and visiting and really trying to take

485
00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:45,679
the time to tell you about this

486
00:19:50,230 --> 00:19:48,480
experience when i get back to earth

487
00:19:52,470 --> 00:19:50,240
landing in may and back to canada this

488
00:19:54,950 --> 00:19:52,480
summer so thank you very much thank you

489
00:19:56,549 --> 00:19:54,960
jeremy and everybody for supporting and

490
00:20:03,990 --> 00:19:56,559
we'll talk to you all later bye from the